Neshoba County occupies the heart of central Mississippi, with Philadelphia as its county seat. The county is nationally known for two things: the Neshoba County Fair ("Mississippi's Giant House Party") and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, whose tribal headquarters and Pearl River Resort casino complex are located here. Together, these create an economic and cultural dynamic that makes Neshoba County unique among rural Mississippi counties.
The landscape is rolling hills with mixed pine and hardwood forests, small farms, and creek bottoms. The Neshoba County Fair, held annually since 1889, is one of the last remaining old-style agricultural fairs in the nation, complete with its own village of cabins, political speeches, and harness racing. The Choctaw tribal economy — anchored by Pearl River Resort's two casinos, water park, and golf course — provides employment that lifts the surrounding area well above what a county this size would normally support.
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